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Department of Animal Pathology II, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Eighty-nine canine mammary tumors and dysplasias of 66 bitches were investigated to determine the immunohistochemical expression of classical estrogen receptor (ER-
) and its clinical and pathologic associations and prognostic value. A complete clinical examination was performed and reproductive history was evaluated. After surgery, all animals were followed-up for 18 months, with clinical examinations every 3–4 months. ER- expression was higher in tumors of genitally intact and young bitches (P < 0.01, P < 0.01) and in animals with regular estrous periods (P = 0.03). Malignant tumors of the bitches with a previous clinical history of pseudopregnancy expressed significantly more ER- (P = 0.04). Immunoexpression of ER- decreased significantly with tumor size (P = 0.05) and skin ulceration (P = 0.01). Low levels of ER- were significantly associated with lymph node involvement (P < 0.01). Malignant tumors had lower ER- expression than did benign tumors (P < 0.01). Proliferation index measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining was inversely correlated with ER- scores (P = 0.05) in all tumors. Low ER- levels in primary malignant tumors were significantly associated with the occurrence of metastases in the follow-up (P = 0.03). Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic significance of some follow-up variables. ER- value, Ki-67 index, and age were independent factors that could predict disease-free survival. Lymph node status, age, and ER- index were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival. The immunohistochemical detection of ER- in canine mammary tumors is a simple technique with prognostic value that could be useful in selecting appropriate hormonal therapy.
Key words: Dogs; estrogen receptors; immunohistochemistry; Ki-67; mammary tumors; PCNA; prognostic significance.
Request reprints from Dr. A. Nieto, Departamento de Patología Animal II, Facultad de Veterinaria, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain). E-mail: ananieto{at}eucmax.sim.ucm.es.
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