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Follicular Stem Cell Carcinoma: Histologic, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Clinical Characterization in 30 Dogs

IDEXX Veterinary Services, West Sacramento, CA (IM); andCalifornia Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA (VW)

Diagnostic records of 30 primary and one metastatic follicular stem cell carcinomas in 30 dogs were reviewed. Neoplastic cells had a clear cytoplasm and formed lobules and nests surrounded by a basement membrane. Trichoepitheliomatous and apocrine differentiations were noted in 22 of 30 (73%) and 21 of 30 (70%) primary tumors, respectively. Glycogen was present in 20 of 20 (100%) tumors tested, suggesting tricholemmal differentiation. Antibodies against AE1/AE3 cytokeratin, vimentin, and melanA/MART1 stained 29 of 30 (97%), 29 of 30 (97%), and 12 of 27 (44%) primary tumors, respectively. Small amounts of melanin were identified in 14 primary tumors, either on the hematoxylin and eosin–stained section (n = 6), or on the Fontana-stained section (n = 8 of 14). Ultrastructural features of neoplastic cells included cell junction complexes, swollen mitochondria, neuroendocrine-like granules, and intracytoplasmic non–membrane-bound accumulation of proteinaceous material. Features of this neoplasm are consistent with a follicular stem cell origin. Follow-up information was available for eight dogs. Metastases developed in the draining lymph node at the time of excision of the primary tumor (n = 1) or subsequently (n = 3).

Key words: Basal cell carcinoma; bulge; dogs; follicular stem cell; hair follicle; immunohistochemistry; melanoma; tumor; ultrastructure.

Request reprints from Dr. I. Mikaelian, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 (USA). E-mail: imikaeli{at}jax.org.

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