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Vet Pathol 41:641-648 (2004)
© 2004 American College of Veterinary Pathologists

Proventriculitis in Broiler Chickens: Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Lymphocytes Infiltrating the Proventricular Glands

M. J. Pantin-Jackwood, T. P. Brown and G. R. Huff

Departments of Avian Medicine and Veterinary Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (MJP-J, TPB); and Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR (GRH)

Broiler chickens with transmissible proventriculitis have severe lymphocytic infiltration of the proventricular glands. The distribution of T cells and B cells in these infiltrates was studied histopathologically, and their identity was confirmed immunohistochemically (CD3, CD4, CD8, and B cells). To reproduce this disease, 1-day-old commercial boilers were orally gavaged with homogenized proventriculi from broilers with proventriculitis. Resulting lesions were examined at both acute (7 days postinoculation ["i]) and chronic (14 and 21 dpi) time points. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and the mucosal lamina propria were present at all time points and were most prominent and demarcated at 14 dpi. T and B lymphocytes were present during acute and chronic proventriculitis, but their distribution varied within the glands. Lymphocytic infiltrates in the proventricular glands and in the lamina propria were predominantly CD3+T cells, and most of these were also CD8+. B cells and CD4+ T cells formed aggregates in chronic proventriculitis. Thus, both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses are induced during transmissible proventriculitis, and the cell-mediated immune response is morphologically greater.

Key words: Chickens; immunohistochemistry; proventriculitis; T and B lymphocytes.

Request reprints from Dr. T. P. Brown, Department of Avian Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602 (USA). E-mail: tbrown{at}uga.edu






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