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Experimental Pathogenesis for Chickens, Turkeys, and Pigeons of Exotic Newcastle Disease Virus from an Outbreak in California during 2002–2003

Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA (NW¹, CCB), Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA (DJK, DRK), Poultry Microbiology Safety Research Unit, Russell Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA (BSS)

Exotic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from chickens during the 2002–2003 California outbreak (CA exotic Newcastle disease [END] virus) was inoculated into 4-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens, 3-week-old SPF Beltsville White turkeys, 6-week-old commercial Broad Breasted White turkeys, and 10- to 20-week-old racing pigeons, and the clinicopathologic features of disease were compared. Birds were monitored clinically and euthanized sequentially with collection of tissues. Tissues were examined by histopathology, by immunohistochemistry to detect viral nucleoprotein, and by in situ hybridization to detect viral mRNA. Clinically, infected chickens and SPF turkeys showed severe depression, and all died or were euthanized because of severe clinical signs by day 5 postinoculation. In these birds, histologic lesions were widespread and virus was detected in multiple organs. All infected commercial turkeys showed mild depression, and incoordination was observed in some birds. Histologic lesions were mild, and viral distribution was limited. In pigeons, only 1 bird showed overt clinical disease, and histologic lesions and viral distribution were present in limited organs. Consequently, susceptibility to highly virulent NDV was shown to vary among chickens, SPF turkeys, commercial turkeys, and pigeons. Additionally, we have evidence of CA END virus subclinical infections that suggest pigeons could be subclinical carriers of other virulent NDV.

Key words: Avian paramyxovirus 1; chickens; exotic Newcastle disease virus; Newcastle disease; pathogenesis; pigeons; turkeys.

Request reprints from Dr. Corrie Brown, Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA 30602-7388 (USA). E-mail: corbrown{at}vet.uga.edu

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