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Vet Pathol 45:310-315 (2008)
© 2008 American College of Veterinary Pathologists
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS AND CASE REPORTS

Experimental Reproduction of Severe Bluetongue in Sheep

N. J. MacLachlan, J. E. Crafford, W. Vernau, I. A. Gardner, A. Goddard, A. J. Guthrie and E. H. Venter

Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology (NJM, WV), and Department of Medicine and Epidemiology (IAG), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; and Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases (NJM, JEC, EHV), Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies (AG), and Equine Research Centre (AJG), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa

Abstract

Sheep inoculated with a virulent South African strain of bluetongue (BT) virus serotype 4 developed severe clinical signs and lesions characteristic of fulminant BT, including coronitis, hemorrhage and ulceration of the mucosal lining of the oral cavity and forestomaches, hemorrhage in the wall of the pulmonary artery, and focally extensive necrosis of skeletal muscle, especially of the neck. At necropsy, up to 14 days after infection, the infected sheep exhibited striking pulmonary edema, edema of the subcutaneous tissues and fascial planes of the head and neck, and pleural and pericardial effusion of varying severity. A reliable model for experimental reproduction of fulminant BT in sheep will facilitate future studies to better characterize the pathogenesis of this disease, particularly as it regards the mechanisms responsible for the increased vascular permeability that characterizes BT and related orbiviral diseases such as African horse sickness.

Key words: African horse sickness; bluetongue; pathogenesis; sheep.

Request reprints from N J MacLachlan, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 (USA). E-mail: njmaclachlan{at}ucdavis.edu






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